The capture of Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes, aka “El Mencho,” was a long-sought goal for Mexico, one that seemed impossible to achieve for over a decade. The leader of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG) became the most elusive drug kingpin, he was also wanted by the United States, and yet he managed to evade military cordons, federal deployments and intelligence operations that, at various times, brought him within striking distance of his arrest. Finally, he was killed this Sunday in an operation that concludes one of the longest and most complex manhunts against a Mexican drug lord.
The first failed attempt to capture El Mencho was in 2012. According to an investigation by El Universal, the drug lord was allegedly arrested on August 27, 2012, in Zapopan, Jalisco, by members of the Mexican Navy, but had to be released hours later due to the intervention of the then-governor of the state, Emilio González Márquez. At the time, the information was disseminated by local and national media outlets that claimed to have confirmation from federal security officials, but it remained a rumor. It was neither corroborated nor denied by the authorities. The story gained traction due to a series of roadblocks and the burning of dozens of vehicles in the state capital, Guadalajara, and various municipalities operated by members of the CJNG. The violence spread to the state of Colima and was attributed to the cartel following the arrest of Oseguera Cervantes. The Federal Police, led at that time by Genaro García Luna, the security secretary under President Felipe Calderón and now convicted in the United States for collaborating with organized crime, ruled out any connection.
The second major attempt occurred on May 1, 2015, during Enrique Peña Nieto’s presidency, in what was then considered the largest federal deployment against the CJNG. Federal security forces from the Ministry of National Defense (Sedena), the Navy, the Federal Police, the Attorney General’s Office (PGR), and the then-Center for National Security and Investigation (Cisen) carried out Operation Jalisco. But the criminal group’s response was immediate. Roadblocks, burning vehicles, and armed attacks in various parts of western Mexico captured national and international attention. The episode of violence culminated in the downing of a military helicopter with a rocket launcher, an unprecedented event that resulted in the deaths of soldiers, demonstrating the cartel’s paramilitary capabilities. “There was a violent reaction from the criminal group to prevent the authorities from acting,” said Monte Alejandro Rubido, the National Security Commissioner, after the failed operation. El Mencho managed to escape.
That episode was a turning point. Oseguera Cervantes became an almost legendary figure within the security institutions. According to leaks from federal authorities, the difficulty in capturing him had much to do with his discipline: he eliminated electronic communications, minimized his movements, and operated through a territorial protection network that included hard-to-reach rural areas in Jalisco, Michoacán, and Colima.
During Andrés Manuel López Obrador’s six-year term in office, the security strategy prioritized containing violence over capturing leaders, but El Mencho remained on the list of high-value targets. During those years, the United States increased pressure with federal indictments and a multimillion-dollar reward that reached up to $15 million for information leading to his arrest. Even so, the CJNG’s combination of low profile and firepower kept the leader beyond the reach of the state.
For years, the authorities themselves acknowledged—albeit indirectly—the complexity of capturing Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes. After the failed 2015 operation, the then-Secretary of National Defense, Salvador Cienfuegos, warned that the Army could not act “irresponsibly […] putting the population at risk,” a reference to the violence that his arrest could unleash. Within the Security Cabinet, the message pointed in the same direction: the Secretary of Security, Alfonso Durazo, advocated avoiding “spectacles” and prioritizing the reduction of violence.
Another incident that highlighted El Mencho’s operational capabilities was the 2020 attack on Omar García Harfuch, then in charge of security in Mexico City, an attack attributed to the CJNG. The current Secretary of Security under President Claudia Sheinbaum described it as “the most violent group in the country,” a statement that offered a glimpse into what confronting the criminal organization and capturing its leader would entail. Until now. The search has ended.
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The story of the world’s most wanted drug trafficker ends with him huddled in a forest in the mountains of Jalisco. Mortally wounded, armed with a rocket launcher, and accompanied by four of his most trusted men, the journey of Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes, “El Mencho,” came to an end in the early hours of Sunday morning after four decades dedicated to drug trafficking and building his own criminal empire, the Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generación (CJNG). El Mencho died from gunfire by a Mexican Army special forces unit, which had spent years gathering intelligence to locate him and finally found his last known position in the same way they had brought about the downfall of Joaquín “El Chapo” Guzmán 10 years earlier, also on February 22nd: through the visit from a woman.
The secretary of National Defense, Ricardo Trevilla, provided some details on Monday about what is already Mexico’s most significant operation against organized crime in recent years. The general emphasized from the outset how “difficult” the intelligence process is, the time required to analyze which people and places are frequented by those who sow violence in the country. In the case of El Mencho, it was primarily the work of the Mexican Army, but they also received “complementary information” from the United States. “There was a lot of additional information that the US gave us, which, when integrated with what we had, allowed us to pinpoint his exact location,” the general stated.
For some time, Mexican authorities had been tracking Tapalpa, a mountain town of about 20,000 inhabitants in the interior of Jalisco, as the refuge of the CJNG leader. On February 20, confirmation arrived: one of El Mencho’s romantic partners was being taken there; although Oseguera is married to Rosalinda González Valencia, who was arrested in 2018. The Army got to know this because they had located a trusted man of the woman, who was going to take her. “She met with El Mencho, and on February 21, she left the property. Information was obtained that El Mencho remained there with a security detail,” Ricardo Trevilla recounted.
How many security rings could one of the world’s most powerful criminals have? That was a question the Mexican government had asked itself many times. How many lives might be lost in capturing him? That was the other. However, everything indicated that on Saturday, El Mencho was accompanied by only about ten bodyguards in some cabins outside Tapalpa. Special forces began preparing by land and air. Six helicopters were positioned in states near Jalisco “to maintain secrecy and ensure surprise.” In the early hours of Sunday morning, the final confirmation was received.
The military deployed on foot around the cabins. They had two support aircraft. The encirclement began with the stated objective —according to the Secretary of Defense— of arresting him. However, El Mencho’s security detail began firing. “They opened fire on the military personnel. El Mencho came out and left a group with a large quantity of weapons. It was a very violent attack carried out by the organized crime group. The special forces military personnel repelled the attack; a total of eight criminals died there,” Trevilla explained. Two soldiers were also wounded. When they inspected the cabins, they found seven long guns, eight vehicles, two quad bikes, and two rocket launchers, one of them the same type used to shoot down the helicopter in 2015 during the first operation to capture El Mencho.
The action continued in the surrounding woods. The leader of the Jalisco Cartel had fled on foot with four of his closest associates. “Special forces pursued them. A perimeter was established. They located him hiding in the undergrowth, and he opened fire on the special forces personnel. They were also carrying rocket launchers, but fortunately, they didn’t use them,” the general recounted. In the crossfire, a soldier, El Mencho, and two of his bodyguards were wounded. Two other members of the CJNG were arrested unharmed. The Army seized the rocket launcher, three rifles, and two handguns. “Once the situation was under control, medical personnel were called in.” They determined that both the cartel leader and his bodyguards were in critical condition.
“Helicopter support was requested to transport them to Guadalajara,” Trevilla noted. However, the drug lord and the two hitmen died en route. At that moment, the helicopter changed course due to the risk of transporting Oseguera, already dead, to the cartel’s stronghold. “It was decided that they would go to Morelia, Michoacán, where an Air Force transport plane was waiting. They arrived there and were transferred to the transport plane, which headed to Mexico City,” the general explained. “It wasn’t advisable to go to Guadalajara, especially given the risk that this group would carry out more violent actions in the capital of Jalisco.”
The CJNG’s reaction to the capture of their leader was swift. His right-hand man, Hugo César Macías, known as “El Tuli,” began organizing roadblocks and violent actions from El Grullo, a town about 100 kilometers from where the operation against El Mencho had taken place. The cartel’s main logistics and financial operator targeted military installations: “They were offering 20,000 pesos [about $1,100] for each soldier killed by the CJNG.” An army paratrooper unit was then deployed to El Grullo. El Tuli tried to escape in a vehicle, but he too was killed. In addition to weapons, he was carrying almost one million dollars and 7.2 million pesos.
In total, the Jalisco Cartel set up 252 roadblocks on Sunday across 20 states. Some, like Tabasco, were more than 1,300 kilometers (800 miles) from where El Mencho had been detained. The burning of vehicles and businesses also spread across half the country, forcing a dozen states to suspend school classes for Monday and urgently convene their security cabinets.
The highest death toll wasn’t recorded during the operation in Tapalpa, but afterward. The organized crime group killed 25 members of the National Guard, a prison guard, an agent from the Jalisco Attorney General’s Office, and a civilian; on the other side, 30 alleged cartel members died. That was just in Jalisco. In Michoacán, another stronghold of the CJNG, 15 soldiers were wounded and four suspected hitmen were killed in the numerous clashes on Sunday.
Overall, the death of El Mencho has left at least 72 casualties: 45 from organized crime, 26 from security forces, and one civilian. The president, Claudia Sheinbaum, recognized the “extraordinary” members of Mexico’s armed forces: “Men and women who are always willing to give their lives for others.” Furthermore, she has sought to reassure the public, stating that there are no longer any roadblocks on any highway in the country and that flights to Jalisco are expected to return to normal in the coming days. The mayor indicated that she learned “very early” of the operation against the leader of the Jalisco Cartel and that her decision was to establish a command center with all security forces. Now, all that remains is to await the reshuffling within the criminal empire built by the most wanted drug trafficker.
México está en alerta ante las posibles reacciones violentas del Cártel Jalisco Nueva Generación
Nemesio Oseguera, alias El Mencho, era el narcotraficante más buscado del mundo, líder del Cártel Jalisco Nueva Generación. Su muerte es un hito en la lucha de Latinoamérica contra las drogas, aunque ha desatado una oleada de violencia en México.
En las horas posteriores al operativo, que contó con la ayuda de Estados Unidos, se incendiaron vehículos y comercios, y se produjeron bloqueos de carreteras y enfrentamientos entre civiles y fuerzas policiales. Una docena de estados han anunciado medidas para proteger a la ciudadanía.
Los compañeros de El País México, Pablo Ferri y Luis Pablo Beauregard, nos cuentan quién era El Mencho y por qué revolucionó el mapa criminal de México.
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Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes, alias El Mencho, el narcotraficante más buscado y peligroso del mundo, ha sido abatido este domingo por el Ejército mexicano, según ha confirmado la propia Secretaría de la Defensa. La institución ha señalado que agentes de diferentes corporaciones lanzaron un operativo en Tapalpa, en el Estado de Jalisco, para detener al escurridizo criminal, tantas veces huido, gracias a información recopilada por las agencias de inteligencia y a “información complementaria” aportada por Estados Unidos. En el operativo, según han explicado las autoridades, los militares fueron atacados y como represalia a la agresión, abatieron a cuatro criminales y otros tres, que resultaron heridos de gravedad, fueron trasladados a Ciudad de México por vía aérea. En el traslado, murieron. Entre estos últimos estaba El Mencho, que contaba alrededor de 60 años. La muerte de Oseguera Cervantes, objetivo prioritario también de Estados Unidos, es el mayor golpe dado al narcotráfico en la historia reciente del país.
Líder del Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generación (CJNG), el grupo criminal más relevante del país, Oseguera dirigía una empresa delictiva de mil y un tentáculos, poderosa como ninguna otra, violenta y agresiva en sus prácticas comerciales, ligadas principalmente al narcotráfico. Aunque las autoridades no han dado demasiados detalles sobre la captura, El Mencho ha caído en la sierra de Jalisco, en el centro del país, donde campaba a sus anchas desde hacía décadas, protegido por sus huestes criminales. En el operativo, lanzado de madrugada, según confirman fuentes oficiales a este diario, las autoridades se han incautado de “diverso armamento, entre los que se encuentran lanzacohetes capaces de derribar aeronaves y destruir vehículos blindados”. Además, hay dos detenidos. Las consecuencias de la muerte del criminal sumen a México en un escenario incierto, dada la inercia a las guerras fratricidas de los grupos criminales.
A la espera de conocer más detalles sobre el operativo, la caída de El Mencho supone un triunfo de la estrategia de seguridad de la presidenta Claudia Sheinbaum, que lidera Omar García Harfuch, su secretario de Seguridad, en uno de los momentos más críticos del sexenio, con la violencia al alza en lugares como Sinaloa o Michoacán. Oseguera era uno de los objetivos prioritarios de la Administración, presionada como nunca por el Gobierno de Trump, que exigía resultados en materia de detenciones, sobre todo de criminales que alimentasen el tráfico de fentanilo a aquel país. El CJNG, igual que las facciones del viejo Cartel de Sinaloa, lideraba el trasiego del opioide al norte de la frontera.
La muerte del Mencho es además el primer gran golpe contra el CJNG del actual Gobierno. Desde la llegada de Sheinbaum a Palacio Nacional, el Gabinete de Seguridad se había centrado en Sinaloa, dada la guerra entre facciones criminales, luego en Michoacán, por la crisis de violencia provocada por grupos de criminales y extorsionadores, y mientras tanto en regiones como Guanajuato o Chiapas. Arañado aquí y allá, con detenciones de personajes de tercera fila, las autoridades habían sido incapaces de golpear con fuerza al CJNG, grupo que detenta un enorme poder de fuego, capaz de atentar contra el mismo Harfuch, en la capital, seis años atrás, cuando este era jefe de policía de la ciudad. Aunque sufrió varias heridas de bala, el funcionario sobrevivió.
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La caída del Mencho desata una ola de violencia en varios Estados de México
Columnas de humo se elevan sobre Puerto Vallarta durante bloqueos e incendios de negocios tras la caída de Nemesio Oseguera.Foto: Alam N. López | Vídeo: EPV
El Gobierno de Donald Trump ofrecía hasta 15 millones de dólares por información que ayudase en la captura de El Mencho. El subsecretario de Estado, Christopher Landau, antiguo embajador en México, se ha referido al caso. “He sido informado de que las fuerzas de seguridad de México han matado a El Mencho, uno de los capos del narcotráfico más sanguinarios e implacables”, ha dicho. “Los tipos buenos son más fuertes que los malos”, ha añadido. La embajada ha negado más tarde cualquier participación directa de sus tropas en el operativo, en suelo mexicano.
Inesperada por las capacidades para esconderse del criminal, la muerte de El Mencho solo puede compararse, de manera reciente, con la captura de Ismael Mayo Zambada, antiguo líder del extinto Cartel de Sinaloa, en julio de 2024. Aunque, en ese caso, fueron colegas de su grupo quienes lo entregaron. Para encontrar otro evento de trascendencia similar, hay que remontarse diez años, cuando las autoridades detuvieron por última vez a su viejo socio, Joaquín El Chapo Guzmán. Igual que El Mayo o El Chapo, El Mencho había construido un aura de misterio a su alrededor, que bebía, en su caso, del poder arrasador del CJNG y de su escaso protagonismo mediático: todas sus fotos tenían décadas de antigüedad.
La noticia de la muerte de Oseguera Cervantes ha provocado una reacción violenta por parte del crimen organizado. Innumerables bloqueos, balaceras y quemas de vehículos se han desatado por parte de su grupo en varios estados del centro del país, Michoacán y Jalisco, donde tenía su bastión, pero también Tamaulipas, Colima y Guanajuato, por nombrar algunos. Su salida del terreno de juego criminal coloca a México en terreno desconocido, con el Mundial de fútbol a las puertas y la evidente capacidad del crimen para provocar caos en ciudades y vías de comunicación. Empieza ahora la cuenta atrás de la previsible batalla por su sucesión. Parte de la fortaleza del grupo criminal estos años yacía en la supervivencia de sus principales operadores, con la excepción de Abimael González, alias Cuini, extraditado hace unos meses a Estados Unidos, y del hijo de El Mencho, encarcelado al norte del río Bravo.
Oseguera era el último de una generación de narcotraficantes que, como el Chapo Guzmán, el Mayo Zambada o Ignacio Coronel, habían iniciado sus andares delictivos en el siglo pasado, cuando el PRI dominaba todavía México, desde el pueblo más chico a cámaras de representantes locales y federales, y el crimen se plegaba al poder oficial. Con los años, las cosas cambiaron. El PRI perdió poder y las viejas alianzas entre el crimen y el Estado desaparecieron; los grupos criminales se fragmentaron y los nuevos que surgieron crearon y nutrieron potentes brazos armados, mientras México se inundaba de armas, provenientes de EE UU. En esas aguas pescó el Mencho, el más hábil de todos.
Ninguno queda ya en la calle. El Chapo y El Mayo, líderes del extinto Cartel de Sinaloa, cayeron presos y viven en cárceles en EE UU, de donde es probable que nunca salgan. Ahora, El Mencho, que levantó un imperio criminal a partir, precisamente, de un brazo armado del Cartel de Sinaloa, ha muerto en la misma región que lo vio crecer. Aunque nació y prosperó en Michoacán, entre Apatzingán y Aguililla, donde se inició en el mundo criminal, últimamente se escondía en Jalisco, estado de acogida, en la accidentada región que yace entre Guadalajara, sede de varios partidos del mundial, y Puerto Vallarta, joya turística del litoral. Fuentes del gabinete de seguridad federal lo ubicaban recientemente precisamente cerca de Tapalpa, donde ha sido abatido.
Nacido en el poblado de Naranjo de Chila, El Mencho era hijo de campesinos que emigraron a California, de donde data una de sus escasas fotos: joven, con el pelo rizado y la mirada desafiante, imagen de una detención en la década de 1980, de esa lado de la frontera. La otra, más conocida, la de rostro sereno y bigote, es la que se ha usado siempre para tratar de identificar a quien ha creado un imperio criminal, primero en el narcomenudeo, después como sicario, jefe de plaza, hasta convertirse en un gran narcotraficante a nivel mundial. Oseguera era la pieza más codiciada en la batalla contra el narcotráfico, después de la caída de El Chapo Guzmán y El Mayo Zambada, o la expulsión a Estados Unidos de otro gran capo, Rafael Caro Quintero.
La sorpresiva noticia deja cantidad de interrogantes, primero sobre el operativo que concluyó con su muerte. Fuentes de seguridad que consultaba este diario en enero señalaban que El Mencho manejaba varios anillos de seguridad a su alrededor, lo que hacía muy difícil su captura, sin asumir un número importante de bajas. A la vista de la información que ha dado el Ejército este domingo, el resultado del operativo ha sido menos sanguinario de lo esperable. Falta contar las bajas de las balaceras y los bloqueos que se han dado en las calles de innumerables ciudades y pueblos de México este domingo. Y las consecuencias a medio plazo del operativo.