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Delcy Rodríguez, Caught Between Regime Survival And Transition In Venezuela

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In the hours following Nicolás Maduro’s capture, one woman has captured all eyes and speculation, and it is not María Corina Machado. Delcy Rodríguez, Venezuela’s powerful vice president, has emerged more than ever as a central player in the reconfiguration of Chavista power during these critical hours in which U.S. President Donald Trump has succeeded in removing Maduro.

For now, Rodríguez, 56, has taken the reins of the country. Venezuela’s Supreme Court declared Maduro’s “temporary absence” on Friday afternoon and ordered that Delcy Rodríguez, as vice president, assume the presidency due to the president’s “forced absence.” The Venezuelan Constitution, according to Article 234, states that the vice president will fill the president’s temporary absence for up to 90 days, a period that can be extended for another 90 days by decision of the National Assembly. Brazil has already recognized Rodríguez as Venezuela’s leader in Maduro’s absence.

“Delcy is the key,” claims a source familiar with the internal situation in Venezuela. “She’s intelligent and will be prudent,” the source adds. Every hour is crucial in a landscape of conflicting information, propaganda, and fake news. No one dares to predict what will happen in the coming days — or even the coming hours — but no one doubts that it will involve Rodríguez in one way or another. The daughter of a Marxist leader assassinated in prison in 1976, Rodríguez grew up in a male-dominated system where she has tried to distinguish herself through her ability to engage in dialogue with economic elites and foreign actors.

Trump, who claimed that opposition leader María Corina Machado does not have the necessary “respect” and support to lead at this crucial moment, said that U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio had a “long conversation” with Rodríguez. According to Trump, Rodríguez offered her support to Washington. “She really doesn’t have a choice,” he said.

Rodríguez, however, appeared publicly a few hours after the attack to draw a red line: the country will not be a colony, and Nicolás Maduro remains the only president. Between public displays of firmness and behind-the-scenes negotiations, Rodríguez now finds herself in a pivotal role, halfway between the continuity of the regime and its end after nearly three decades in power.

Delcy Rodríguez has been described as a moderate within the government, but that’s perhaps not the most accurate description. Unlike some of her allies, she is a Chavista figure capable of surviving a U.S.-backed transition, according to analysts. “Trump’s primary objective was to eliminate Nicolás Maduro and avoid triggering a more serious conflict, with the risk of civil war,” adds the source familiar with the situation in Caracas. “They’re going to attempt stabilization under the supervision of Delcy, whom they consider very much a Chavista, but also intelligent and capable of dialogue. And from there, a transition that’s still undefined,” the source ventures.

What has happened in Venezuela is being interpreted in different — and sometimes contradictory — ways. “President Trump’s statements made it clear that removing Nicolás Maduro from power was not Washington’s ultimate goal,” says Renata Segura, program director for Latin America and the Caribbean at the International Crisis Group. “The announcement that the United States will now ‘govern Venezuela’ and take control of the oil industry indicates Washington’s intention to remain involved in the country long-term.”

Once again, uncertainty looms in the short, medium, and long term. According to Segura, “The next few hours will be crucial in determining whether Vice President Delcy Rodríguez or other members of the Chavista movement will remain in power in an agreement with Washington and whether there are fractures within the regime.”

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Ataque Estados Unidos a Venezuela

Delcy Rodríguez Se Reúne Con El Director De La CIA En Caracas

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El cambio de mando en el chavismo, forzado por el presidente de Estados Unidos, Donald Trump, ha propiciado una reunión inusual. El director de la CIA, John Ratcliffe, se reunió este jueves en Caracas con la presidenta encargada de Venezuela, Delcy Rodríguez, según reveló The New York Times. De acuerdo con fuentes del diario estadounidense, en el encuentro se abordaron “posibles oportunidades de colaboración económica” y se subrayó que Venezuela ya no puede ser un refugio seguro para los adversarios de Estados Unidos, especialmente para los narcotraficantes.

La visita del jefe de la agencia de inteligencia estadounidense coincidió con la presentación, por parte de Rodríguez, de la memoria de gestión del presidente Nicolás Maduro, detenido en Nueva York tras la intervención del ejército de Estados Unidos del pasado 3 de enero, ante la Asamblea Nacional y, casi al mismo tiempo, con la entrega por parte de la líder opositora María Corina Machado de su medalla del Premio Nobel de la Paz a Trump en la Casa Blanca.

Tras la captura de Maduro y su esposa, Cilia Flores, durante una intervención militar de fuerzas especiales de Estados Unidos, Trump ha afianzado su control sobre Venezuela, en particular sobre su producción petrolera. Su objetivo es ampliar la participación de más empresas estadounidenses como parte de un acuerdo con la nueva presidenta. Meses atrás, cuando un amplio despliegue militar amenazaba al chavismo desde el mar Caribe, sus líderes advertían de que, ante un ataque, “ni una sola gota de petróleo” saldría de Venezuela con destino a Estados Unidos.

La CIA ha sido clave en la transferencia de poder en Venezuela. La decisión política de la Administración Trump de respaldar a Rodríguez en lugar de a Machado se basó en un análisis clasificado de la agencia, que alertaba sobre la inestabilidad que podría provocar la llegada de Machado a la presidencia en este momento, según han publicado medios estadounidenses. Los informes de inteligencia sostenían que la líder opositora, pese al importante respaldo popular obtenido en las elecciones de 2024, tendría dificultades para controlar el Gobierno y las Fuerzas Armadas tras casi tres décadas de revolución chavista.

La operación que condujo a la captura de Maduro y su esposa también estuvo precedida por meses de trabajo de la agencia. Trump autorizó operaciones encubiertas en Venezuela y, desde agosto, la CIA había desplegado discretamente un pequeño equipo para rastrear los patrones, ubicaciones y movimientos de Maduro, lo que facilitó la intervención a comienzos de este mes, según CNN. Así lograron identificar a un informante dentro del Gobierno que permitió seguir al líder chavista hasta su captura, en la madrugada del 3 de enero, en una de sus residencias en Fuerte Tiuna.

Durante años, la CIA fue el gran enemigo declarado del chavismo, que convirtió la lucha contra el intervencionismo estadounidense en una de sus principales banderas. Esa desconfianza llevó a Hugo Chávez, en 2005, a romper la cooperación antidroga con Estados Unidos y a expulsar a la DEA, bajo el argumento de que realizaba labores de espionaje contra su Gobierno. También reforzó los servicios de inteligencia con apoyo de Cuba. La seguridad de Maduro quedó en manos de agentes cubanos, que terminaron asesinados durante la intervención militar estadounidense. El alto mando que ahora dirige la revolución bolivariana ha dado un giro radical a esa postura.

La semana pasada se produjo la visita del encargado de negocios de Estados Unidos para Venezuela, John McNamara, la primera en siete años de relaciones diplomáticas rotas. El diplomático llegó con la misión de evaluar las condiciones para una eventual reapertura de la embajada. Este viernes, dos días después de la llamada entre Trump y Rodríguez y tras la visita de Ratcliffe, se reactivaron los vuelos con migrantes venezolanos deportados desde Estados Unidos. Un avión estadounidense partió de Phoenix con 199 retornados y aterrizó al mediodía en Maiquetía.

Durante 2025, pese a las tensiones, Venezuela y Estados Unidos mantuvieron dos vuelos semanales de repatriación, uno de los principales intereses de Trump. En total, se han concretado cerca de 100 vuelos con deportados; el último antes de esta reactivación había tenido lugar a principios de diciembre.

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Delcy Rodríguez: “Venezuela Tiene Derecho A Tener Relaciones Con Rusia, China, Irán Y Cuba”

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Delcy Rodríguez, presidenta encargada de Venezuela, afirmó este jueves que “la agresión invasora” llevada a cabo por Estados Unidos contra el país el pasado 3 de enero constituye “una mancha en la relación entre ambas naciones”, y agregó que, en el contexto político actual, su gobierno “ha decidido escoger la vía diplomática” para dirimir el conflicto. “Tenemos derecho a tener relaciones diplomáticas con China, con Rusia, con Irán, con Cuba, con todos los pueblos del mundo. También con los Estados Unidos. Somos una nación soberana”, añadió.

Rodríguez hizo estas afirmaciones durante la presentación anual de la gestión del Ejecutivo ante el Parlamento, un ritual constitucional que se celebra a comienzos de cada año en el Palacio Federal Legislativo. A la sesión han acudido varios embajadores extranjeros, gobernadores y autoridades del chavismo.

La presidenta encargada, que en sus últimas declaraciones ha señalado que el país se abre a un “nuevo momento político”, dedicó buena parte de su intervención a honrar a Nicolás Maduro y Cilia Flores, capturados durante la operación estadounidense del 3 de enero, y a elevar la moral de la militancia revolucionaria tras el ataque. Rodríguez se comprometió nuevamente con la lealtad a los principios fundamentales del chavismo. “Este trabajo es del presidente Maduro, afirmó al presentar el documento.

Rodríguez prometió trabajar por la liberación de Maduro y Flores y pidió “un minuto de aplausos” para los soldados venezolanos y cubanos que murieron en los enfrentamientos con tropas estadounidenses. “No le tengamos miedo a la contradicción planteada. Vamos a enfrentarla”, dijo en referencia a los acuerdos petroleros con Estados Unidos anunciados por el propio Donald Trump tras la detención de la pareja presidencial.

Tanto Delcy Rodríguez como su hermano Jorge Rodríguez, presidente del Parlamento, emplearon un tono conciliador hacia la oposición. Ambos invocaron la importancia de fomentar la convivencia política y asumieron, al menos de forma parcial, la responsabilidad de trabajar para consolidar un mejor clima en el país.

Rodríguez advirtió a la oposición: “No confundan las medidas sustitutivas tomadas con algunas personas judicializadas y nuestro interés en bajarle la presión al clima político con debilidad. No se equivoquen con esto. Es hora de desterrar el extremismo fascista. Vamos a rectificar todos”. Rodríguez agregó además: “No es que la presidenta encargada tenga miedo porque esté amenazada. No. Venezuela entera está amenazada y, con la soberanía por delante, daremos la batalla diplomática”.

La presidenta encargada criticó los fundamentos históricos de la diplomacia estadounidense y comentó que, históricamente, la nación norteamericana ha maniobrado e intrigado abiertamente para ampliar su radio de influencia en América Latina, socavar su independencia y traficar con sus recursos naturales. “La doctrina Monroe y el bolivarianismo que nosotros postulamos y defendemos son proyectos completamente opuestos, son antítesis”, afirmó.

En una alusión directa a las recientes conversaciones entre Donald Trump y la líder de la oposición venezolana, María Corina Machado, Rodríguez comentó: “Si algún día me tocara ir como presidenta encargada a Washington, lo haré con dignidad, de pie, caminando con la frente en alto y con la bandera tricolor. Será de pie, nunca será arrastrándome”.

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The Thousand Faces Of El Helicoide: From A Shopping Mall To A Prison

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Some buildings are born with a systemic vocation. They aspire to be more than just containers for human activity and behave like three-dimensional diagrams of the world, ideological machines disguised as concrete. El Helicoide was born with precisely that ambition, perhaps too much so.

Venezuela in the 1950s. With dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez at the helm, the country was overflowing with gasoline, dollars, and a very specific kind of civic silence that could be mistaken for political stability. Oil permeated everything. There was money, there was speed, and with both, an almost sweaty faith in the idea that the future was guaranteed and that any attempt at objection would be drowned out by pressing the gas pedal. Literally.

El Helicoide, con su rampa de diseño impecable y su cúpula aún brillante, en 2021.

This economic, political — and moral — ecosystem was condensed into a project as simple in its gesture as it was excessive in its consequences. A shopping mall that could only be traversed by car, without getting out of the vehicle and without walking. Without abandoning the steering wheel, lest progress escape through the back door. Thus, El Helicoide was conceived as a single, continuous movement. A ramp. A spiral path that encircled the Tarpeian Rock and rose above Caracas, transforming consumption into a journey and the incline into a substitute for urban strolling.

Designed by Jorge Romero Gutiérrez, Pedro Neuberger, and Dirk Bornhorst, the project included hundreds of shops, eight cinemas, a five-star hotel, a private club, a performance hall, and even a helipad, in case the oil boom reached such a point that customers arrived directly from the skies. Crowning it all was a geodesic dome designed to reflect the tropical light and return it to the city, transformed into an abstract symbol. Four kilometers (2.5 miles) of asphalt spiraled around the hillside, where cars would stop in front of every shop window, every cinema, every restaurant, transforming the act of shopping into a perfectly calibrated mechanical choreography. El Helicoide was more than just a building. It was a compact symbol in which form was the message, because the spiral was not just a path, it was a gesture that promised perpetual ascent, frictionless circulation toward continuous progress that, at that time, seemed to have no expiration date. So much so that its design circled the globe even before the building was fully constructed. It was exhibited at MoMA, Pablo Neruda called it a “concrete rose,” and Salvador Dalí offered to decorate its interiors. Everything fit the narrative.

En 1956 comenzaron los estudios del Helicoide para hacer realidad la idea concebida por el arquitecto Jorge Romero Gutiérrez.
Obras del Helicoide en 1956.

In that state of architectural celebration, construction began in 1956, observed with proud awe by the white elites who had envisioned it and with a mixture of intimacy and infinite distance by the Black children of the nearby neighborhoods, who would probably never be able to travel through it. Because to inhabit El Helicoide required gasoline and a robust faith in the eternity of the regime. But eternity endured less than the oil.

In 1958, the Pérez Jiménez dictatorship fell, and the building was caught in the ebb and flow of change. Funds froze. Lawsuits piled up. The company went bankrupt. The imported elevators disappeared. The interior was left exposed to rain, looting, and slow deterioration. An attempt was made to resume construction. Some sections were completed, including the dome, but El Helicoide never became what it was intended to be. For years it remained unfinished, too grand to ignore and too laden with symbolism to complete without discomfort.

Vista del barrio Cota 905 y del Helicoide, en Caracas (2022).

In the late 1970s, thousands of homeless people occupied the structure. The ramps designed for cars were filled with mattresses, makeshift stoves set up halfway up the slope, and clothes hanging where once there had only been structural calculations. El Helicoide became an informal city embedded in a futuristic engineering work, a layering of times and uses that ended in evictions and returned the building to a new state of expectant emptiness.

La Roca Tarpeya, donde se construyó El Helicoide, en 1874. Foto de Pedro Emilio Garraud.

But another transformation was yet to come. In an unintentional and sinister homage to the hill’s name — the Tarpeian Rock in Rome was the place from which traitors and thieves were thrown to their deaths — the building’s function changed once again. Starting in 1982, the state began to gradually establish itself within its walls. First, administrative offices. Then, security agencies. In 1984, the DISIP (General Directorate of Intelligence and Prevention Services) used it as its headquarters and as a detention center. In 1992, during Hugo Chávez’s second coup attempt, an OV-10 Bronco from the rebel Air Force bombed the building, and the resulting anti-aircraft fire destroyed part of the facilities. But El Helicoide was already too important to abandon again, so it was rebuilt and, as of 2010, under the Chavista regime, it became a detention center for SEBIN, the Bolivarian National Intelligence Service. And SEBIN transformed a circulation device into an internal control mechanism. Offices were converted into cells, bathrooms sealed off for confinement, and curved corridors integrated into a monitored circuit that erased any stable spatial reference. The prisoners gave names to these former stores. Little Hell. The Guarimbero. Guantánamo. The Little Tiger. The Cockroach. The Fishbowl. A tropical bestiary, surreal and terrifying all at once. Because these names, however close they may be to verbal folklore, designate places where organizations like Human Rights Watch have denounced torture, extreme overcrowding, electrocutions, immersion in feces, and sexual abuse.

Maqueta del Helicoide.

To this day, El Helicoide still stands, towering over Caracas. The White House has stated that Delcy Rodríguez plans to dismantle the detention center, but for now, the building’s future remains uncertain, true to form.

Seen in photographs, with its impeccably designed ramp and its still-gleaming dome, El Helicoide, for me — someone who has always believed in the capacity of built spaces to improve life — leads to a chilling reflection: that architecture — or rather, the humans who use it — has the capacity to adapt to anything. To anything. That a project conceived under a dictatorship as a delirious promise of the future can end up, with hardly any modifications, as a political prison under another dictatorship. And that all of this — the oil, the cars, the ramp, the asphalt, the luxury for a few and the poverty for many, the looting, the arrests, the bombings, the cells, and the torture — functions, whether we like it or not, as a strange and brutal summary of the last 70 years of Venezuelan history.

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