Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez and United States President Donald Trump greet each other at the start of the signing ceremony for the Middle East Peace Plan. Credit: Pool Moncloa
The European Commission has pushed back against Donald Trump’s renewed threat to impose tariffs on Spain should it fail to meet NATO’s defence spending target of five per cent of GDP. Brussels reminded Washington that trade policy falls under the exclusive competence of the European Union and that any attack on a member state would trigger a collective response.
Brussels draws a red line
“We will respond appropriately, as we always do, to any measure taken against one or more of our member states,” said a Commission spokesperson following Trump’s latest comments targeting Spain.
However, NATO — the US-led military alliance — has refrained from criticising Trump, who has even suggested Spain should be expelled from the organisation for failing to meet the defence spending threshold. Expulsion, however, is not foreseen in NATO’s founding treaties, which only allow voluntary withdrawal.
NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte went as far as to praise the US president, defending his tough stance on military expenditure. “President Trump was crucial to the success of the NATO Summit in June, when the five per cent goal was set. Without him, we would never have reached this outcome, including the 3.5 per cent qualified spending,” Rutte said on Wednesday after a meeting of NATO defence ministers in Brussels.
NATO avoids confrontation
“If anyone thinks we could have achieved that target without Trump, they are mistaken,” Rutte added. “We needed to strengthen our capabilities to ensure that, if Article 5 [the collective defence clause] is invoked, we can respond effectively — whether the threat comes from Russia, terrorism, or elsewhere. We are now on equal footing with the United States, and he is pushing hard for that to happen. So am I.”
Trump’s escalating rhetoric against Spain comes weeks after the NATO summit in The Hague, where all 32 allies endorsed the new five per cent defence investment target. Spain, however, secured a safeguard arrangement through an exchange of letters with Rutte, allowing it to meet its obligations by spending 2.1 per cent of GDP instead.
“Spain was fully aligned with the capability objectives agreed in The Hague,” Rutte insisted, sidestepping questions about Madrid’s reduced commitment.
Madrid stands firm
Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez, meanwhile, has been firm in his position. Speaking to Spanish radio earlier this week, he said Spain would not reach the five per cent threshold. “Defence spending is non-negotiable,” Sánchez stated. “With 2.1 per cent we fulfil the Alliance’s capability requirements to face challenges such as Putin’s war in Ukraine.”
Defence Minister Margarita Robles adopted a slightly softer tone during Wednesday’s NATO meeting in Brussels. “No one can predict what will happen in 2030 or 2035 — we shall see,” she remarked, noting that NATO will reassess its members’ progress in 2029.
Despite Spain’s assurances, Trump’s dissatisfaction appears to be growing. Washington has once again raised the prospect of tariffs, turning to trade as leverage. While NATO leaders remain cautious in addressing the issue, the European Commission has made its stance clear.
Trump risks trade war with Europe
Brussels stressed that the EU recently concluded a bilateral trade agreement with the United States precisely to prevent a tariff escalation. “This is the platform to address any trade-related issues,” the Commission’s spokesperson said, avoiding direct comment on Spain as the threat remains “hypothetical”.
Trump had already floated the tariff threat during the June summit in The Hague, warning Spain could face economic consequences if it refused to increase defence spending. He has not mentioned the issue again publicly since his brief exchange with Sánchez at the recent Gaza aid conference in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt.