Burka & Hijab wearers. Credit: MOD/MOD – Wiki CC
Portugal’s Parliament, in a landmark vote on October 17, approved a highly controversial bill prohibiting face veils like burkas and niqabs in public spaces and threatening to impose fines of up to €4,000 for violations.
The measure, led by the Chega party, targets coverings worn for “gender or religious” reasons, framing it as a safeguard for women’s rights and public security. While supporters applaud it as a step toward equality, critics decry it as discriminatory against the country’s small Muslim minority.
Fines for wearing burka or niqab in Portugal from €200 to €400
The projeto de lei n.º 47/XVII/1.ª explicitly bans “clothing intended to conceal or obstruct the face” in streets, shops, hospitals, and transport, with exceptions for health needs, professional requirements, artistic events, weather conditions, worship sites, aeroplanes, or diplomatic venues. Penalties can go from €200 to €2,000 for negligence to €400 to €4,000 for intentional breaches, and coercing someone to veil their face could lead to three years in prison. Chega leader André Ventura celebrated the approval as a “historic day for democracy”, arguing, “Whoever arrives in Portugal must respect our customs and values.”
Backed by centre-right allies PSD, Iniciativa Liberal (IL), and CDS-PP, the bill passed in general terms and now heads to the Comissão de Assuntos Constitucionais for review, pending presidential assent from Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, who may veto or refer it to the Constitutional Court. The parties PS, BE, PCP, and Livre opposed it, with PS MP Pedro Delgado Alves warning it risks “directing hate” toward Muslims and could confine veiled women indoors.
Portugal joins a growing list of European nations enforcing such bans, including France (2011) with €150 fines and Belgium (2011), where penalties are similar to those of Portugal. Yet, with Muslims comprising just 0.4 per cent of Portugal’s 10.3 million population, around 65,000, and face veils “extremely rare”, according to community leaders, the move feels symbolic more than anything.
Reactions have come to show the political divide. Andreia Neto, a PSD lawmaker, stressed, “This is a debate on equality between men and women. No woman should be forced to veil her face.” Conversely, David Munir, imam of Lisbon’s Central Mosque, called it a “veiled attack on immigrants”, suggesting few Portuguese Muslim women wear burkas voluntarily. Amnesty International raised concerns, stating such bans “lead to division rather than integration.”
For tourists looking at visiting Lisbon’s streets, compliance will be key, so familiarise yourself with exceptions via the official parliamentary text.