THE European Union has handed out fines totalling €700 million to US tech giants Apple and Meta for breaching digital competition rules.

The news is set to further annoy US President Donald Trump who has repeatedly opposed rules laid down by the EU and the impact they have on American firms.

The penalties come under the Digital Markets Act (DMA), which ensures fair business practices by tech companies.

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The European Commission has penalised Apple to the tune of €500 million for stopping app makers from directing users to cheaper options outside its own App Store.

Meta has been fined €200 million because it forced Facebook and Instagram users to choose between seeing personalised adverts or paying to avoid them.

Former Spanish environment minister and now EU commissioner, Teresa Ribera, is the commission executive vice-president in charge of competition.

She said that Apple and Meta had fallen short of compliance with the DMA ‘by implementing measures that reinforce the dependence of business users and consumers on their platforms’.

The commission had ‘taken firm but balanced enforcement action against both companies, based on clear and predictable rules’, Ribera added.

“All companies operating in the EU must follow our laws and respect European values.”

Apple accused the commission of ‘unfairly targeting’ it and added that it ‘continues to move the goal posts’ despite the company’s efforts to obey the rules.

Meta’s Chief Global Affairs Officer, Joel Kaplan, said “The Commission is attempting to handicap successful American businesses while allowing Chinese and European companies to operate under different standards.”

Apple and Meta have to comply with the decisions within 60 days or risk unspecified ‘periodic penalty payments’, according to the commission.

Both companies have previously indicated that they will launch appeals if rulings went against them.

THIRTY-FIVE percent of those employed in Spain are overqualified for their jobs leading to a national ‘brain-waste’ phenomenon.

Recent data from Eurostat found Spain had the highest overqualification rate in Europe in 2024, with people with tertiary education working jobs that do not require such a high level of education. 

With some of the highest numbers of university graduates in the EU, it seems Spain is wasting its talent. People are forced to accept jobs not in their field and are being severely underpaid. 

While education is encouraged and praised in Spain, Southern Denmark University business professor Maria Elo explained it doesn’t mean the labour market can ”accommodate all this talent.’

Spain has been leading this EU statistic for several years, highlighting a work market dominated by low-paying service-based jobs.

READ MORE: Unemployment in Spain falls to lowest March total for 17 years with new jobs created in hotels, bars, and restaurants

More than 75% of Spain’s job market is made of service-based work, mainly in areas such as tourism, hospitality and sales. These are all professions that do not always require a university qualification. 

Because of this, if people want to climb the career ladder, they are forced to look for jobs elsewhere, outside of Spanish borders. Many people who choose to stay aspire to become a civil servant (funcionario) as it offers a stable and high income. 

Foreigners living in Spain are those who end up working a job they’re overqualified for most often, expat media company The Local reported. Furthermore, a 2023 Eurostat report noted that it’s more likely a foreigner’s formal qualifications will not be fully used in the labour market compared to a local citizens. Language barriers can contribute to this.

Spanish women workers are the most overqualified in all of Europe. Last year, 35.8% of female workers were overqualified, while the European Union average was 22.2%.

Immigrants from non-EU countries, trained in professions such as medicine, nursing, dentistry and law, also have to apply for their qualifications to be recognised by the Ministry of Education. This process can take up to two years, meaning immigrants are forced to take on jobs they’re overqualified for.

Stagnant wages

Wages in Spain remain notoriously low and have remained this way for decades. The average salary is €26,948.87 and the modal salary (most frequent) is even lower, between €14-18,000.

In comparison, average annual salaries in 2023/4 were 56% higher in Germany, 43% higher in France and 8% higher in Italy, according to OECD figures.

It has been argued the lower wages in Spain are a reflection of the lower cost of living here. Yet economist Ignacio De La Torre said Spanish salaries are low even when adjusted for the cost of living. The cost of living is increasing each year too, as evidenced by rising rental prices which have inspired nationwide protests.

Spain also has one of the highest unemployment rates in Europe, where just over 70% of people aged 20-64 are employed.

A shortage of jobs and high unemployment could mean people will accept any job offered, no matter the pay or their qualifications.

Following Spain’s stats was Greece with 33% and Cyprus with 28.2% of people overqualified for their jobs.

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