Entente in Busan. U.S. President Donald Trump and his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping finally met face to face after months of tension, and the meeting in the South Korean city of Busan resulted in several agreements, according to details provided by the Republican president after the meeting, aboard Air Force One on his way back to Washington. Trump assured that China has agreed to delay its restrictions on rare earth exports, one of the main points of conflict, for a period of one year, and announced an immediate reduction from 20% to 10% on the tariffs imposed in February on Chinese products imposed due to Washington’s claim Beijing is not doing enough to stop exports of fentanyl precursors. Trump also said he would visit China in April and that Beijing would begin to buy large quantities of soybeans, according to several media outlets aboard the presidential flight. In addition, according to the Republican, the two leaders discussed the war in Ukraine: “We‘re both going to work together to see if we can get something done,” he said.
“I think it was an amazing meeting,” the Republican summed up. “All of the rare earth [issue] has been settled, and that’s for the world. It was a situation that affected everyone, not just the United States.”
China confirmed the agreements from Beijing. A Chinese trade spokesperson detailed in a press conference that the United States has committed to suspending the expansion of the list of entities subject to export controls for one year. This regulatory change introduced by Washington in September, which potentially affected thousands of subsidiaries of Chinese companies, had sparked Beijing’s fury: its response was to approve a series of additional restrictions on rare earths shortly thereafter, which in turn aroused Washington’s anger.
Now, the restrictions remain in limbo for the next 12 months. “China will suspend the implementation of the corresponding export control measures announced on October 9 for one year and will study the detailed formulation of specific plans,” said the trade spokesman. Both sides have also agreed to pause — also for a period of one year — the new reciprocal port tariffs introduced a couple of weeks ago. And the Chinese government assured that consensus has been reached on “anti-drug cooperation on fentanyl, the expansion of agricultural trade, and the treatment of specific business cases.”
Likewise, the framework agreement for the sale of the popular Chinese video social network TikTok in the United States has been reinstated, as agreed in September during a meeting between Chinese and U.S. trade negotiators in Madrid, according to the Chinese spokesperson.
The meeting, the first between the leaders in six years, began at around 11:00 a.m. local time, according to Chinese media reports, and lasted around 100 minutes. “It is a great honor to be with a friend of mine, really, for a long time now, if you think about it,” Trump said in a flattering and positive tone at the start of the meeting, according to the White House channel’s broadcast on social media. “We will be having some discussions. I think we’ve already agreed to a lot of things, and we’ll agree to some more right now. President Xi is a great leader of a great country. We’re going to have a fantastic relationship for a long period of time, and it’s an honor to have you with us.”
Xi also said it was a pleasure to see each other again. “It’s been many years,” he said at the start of the meeting. He recalled that since Trump’s re-election, they have spoken three times on the phone, exchanged several letters, and remained in close contact. Thanks to the guidance of both leaders, relations have remained “stable on the whole,” he said. “Given our different national conditions, we do not always see eye to eye with each other. It is normal for the two leading economies of the world to have frictions now and then,” the Chinese leader continued. But in the face of challenges, he concluded, leaders should ensure that relations “stay the right course.”
“Trade should remain the ballast and propeller of China-U.S. relations, not a stumbling block or source of conflict,” the Chinese leader said, according to the official reading provided by the Xinhua news agency. He called on both nations to avoid a “vicious cycle of retaliation.”
Previously, both leaders posed with broad smiles for photographers in front of their countries’ flags. “We’re going to have a very successful meeting, I have no doubt,” Trump announced after the handshake. “But he’s a very tough negotiator, that’s not good,” he added. “We know each other well. We have a great relationship.” Xi remained silent at his side. At the end of the meeting, in a gesture of closeness, Trump accompanied his Chinese counterpart to his car, followed by another handshake and smiles from both men.
The meeting, which began on a friendly note, was preceded by an air of cordiality on both sides, seeking to ease the battle they are waging on various fronts. This is the first physical meeting between the leaders since the Republican returned to the White House in January and unleashed a tariff war between the two powers that reached levels of de facto trade blockade last spring, dragging much of the world economy down with it.
In the run-up to the meeting, Xi stated that China’s development does not conflict with Trump’s vision of “making America great again.” The two countries “can fully complement each other and prosper together,” he said.
The Chinese leader also acknowledged Trump’s work in resolving international conflicts. “You care a lot about world peace, and you’re very enthusiastic about settling various regional hot spot issues,” he said, citing the ceasefire agreement in Gaza brokered by the Republican. He also recalled that last Sunday, the U.S. president witnessed the signing of a peace declaration on the border between Cambodia and Thailand. He expressed how China, for its part, has also been promoting dialogue and reconciliation on sensitive issues. “The world today is confronted with many tough problems. China and the U.S. can jointly shoulder our responsibility as major countries and work together to accomplish more great and concrete things for the good of our two countries and the whole world.”
The meeting, which was on the verge of being canceled in recent weeks, was made possible largely thanks to the meeting between the negotiating teams from Washington and Beijing, who spent a weekend of intense debate trying to pave the way for their leaders. “We are going to have something that will be very, very satisfying for China and for us,” Trump announced on Wednesday night during a dinner with South Korean President Lee Jae Myung and other regional leaders on the sidelines of an Asia-Pacific forum. “I think it’s going to be a very good meeting. I’m looking forward to tomorrow morning,” he said.
After a seemingly calm summer, following Washington and Beijing’s agreement on a tariff truce in May, tensions flared up again in October after China deployed a new rare earth export control mechanism, which came as a blow to the White House. Beijing responded to what it considered a breach of the non-aggression pact by Washington, after the White House approved, among other measures, an expansion of the list of entities subject to export controls.
The meeting took place on the sidelines of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit, held in the city of Gyeongju, the ancient medieval capital of the Korean peninsula. But their face-to-face took place at the airport in neighboring Busan, as if it were an eclipse: with Trump about to take off to return to the United States and Xi having just landed to attend the summit. Trump, in fact, is skipping the official days of the leaders’ forum, which begins on Friday.
The meeting took place just days before the expiration of the truce on reciprocal tariffs agreed in May and extended in August, which ends on November 1 with the clock ticking down to its entry into force this Saturday and the threat of new 100% tariffs on imports from China — touted by Trump as retaliation for Beijing’s recent restrictions on rare earths — looming large.
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Mexico is once again seeking to defuse Donald Trump’s tariff bomb with a new collaboration agreement on security, migration, and trade. Next week, the truce granted by the U.S. president on implementing a tariff increase from 25% to 30% on Mexican exports outside the USMCA expires. In the run-up to the end of this pause, both countries are preparing a series of commitments to curb migration, drug trafficking — particularly fentanyl — and the arrival of Asian imports to North America. The Ministry of Economy expects this new bilateral agreement to be finalized during the first week of November, at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, which will be held from October 31 to November 1 in South Korea. “We have several meetings at APEC and we need to see what position President Trump will take [on tariffs]. After that, I can provide detailed information on what will happen,” said Economy Secretary Marcelo Ebrard after participating in the Milken Institute’s Global Investors Symposium in Mexico City.
Hours earlier, at the same forum, Undersecretary of Foreign Trade of the Economy Luis Rosendo Gutiérrez expressed confidence in the negotiations with Washington. “We believe we will reach a very successful conclusion in the first week of November. Agreements will be reached with Jamieson Greer (head of the Office of the United States Trade Representative) that reflect important advances in security, border, and trade competitiveness,” Gutiérrez stated.
Sources close to these working groups have confirmed to EL PAÍS that bilateral discussions have included increased immigration surveillance along the Rio Grande and the imposition of more tariffs from Mexico on Asian products, primarily in key sectors such as automotive, telecommunications, and electronics. The options are still on the table, but they align with the main concerns dictated by Washington: blocking drug trafficking from Mexico, stemming illegal immigration on its southern border, and halting the arrival of some Asian imports. On the other hand, the Sheinbaum administration seeks to preserve and improve the so-called “preferential treatment” that the U.S. has granted thus far regarding tariffs imposed on other countries.
Ebrard commented along these same lines this week during his appearance in the Chamber of Deputies. In his opinion, tariff negotiations with Washington were 90% complete. The remaining 10% was the 50% sectoral tariff that still weighs on the Mexican steel industry. Mexico is seeking a discount on the tariff, as well as on the levy Washington is threatening on cargo trucks. Ebrard acknowledged that while fentanyl trafficking was initially the focus of discussions with his U.S. counterparts, the conversations have now shifted to how to ensure security in the region’s supply chains.
Adding to this complex crossroads of agendas is the upcoming review of the USMCA, scheduled for July of next year. Trump’s protectionist onslaught has cast doubt on the agreement’s longevity. The Republican has threatened to derail the agreement if it doesn’t benefit his country. In the last tariff truce granted to Mexico, on July 31, the U.S. government committed its Mexican counterpart to reaching a new trade agreement within 90 days. Regarding the progress of this USMCA dialogue, Ebrard was optimistic. “We already have these foundations of trust, of dialogue. We have common problems. There’s no way to compete with Asia if we don’t have coordination between the three countries (Canada, Mexico, and the U.S.),” the official stated.
From steel and aluminum to automobiles and tomatoes, Washington has dealt several trade blows to Mexican exports. Going against the grain and under pressure, Sheinbaum’s cabinet has held more than 80 meetings with Washington to try to negotiate these measures. To date, they have only achieved a few victories, such as tariff pauses and tariff reductions on foreign automobiles proportional to U.S. content.
Just days before the results of these negotiations between Mexico and the U.S. become clear, Trump’s protectionist wall has placed the Mexican economy in a latent state of uncertainty. Mexican exports to the U.S. remain stable, totaling more than $309 billion in the first seven months of the year; however, manufacturing and construction activities have slowed their momentum. Although the Sheinbaum administration still forecasts GDP growth of at least 1.8% in 2025, the consensus among analysts and multinational organizations points to an increase of less than 1%. More than 80% of Mexican exports are destined for the U.S. market, and any change in the direction of this river of resources has far-reaching repercussions for the Mexican economy.
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A solo una semana de la llegada a Corea del Sur del presidente estadounidense, Donald Trump, la muy hermética Corea del Norte ha lanzado varios misiles balísticos de corto alcance en dirección al mar de Japón. El gesto de este miércoles se ha interpretado como un desafío directo a Washington y a Seúl en plena reconfiguración del tablero diplomático regional, y llega en medio de crecientes especulaciones sobre un posible reencuentro entre Trump y el líder norcoreano, Kim Jong-un.
El Estado Mayor Conjunto surcoreano (JCS, por sus siglas en inglés) informó de que los proyectiles fueron disparados hacia las 8.10 de la mañana (01.10, hora peninsular española) desde Junghwa, en la provincia norcoreana de Hwanghae del Sur, con trayectoria hacia el noreste. Según los primeros cálculos de las autoridades castrenses, los misiles habrían recorrido unos 350 kilómetros antes de caer en suelo norcoreano, agrega el comunicado del JCS. Seúl, Washington y Tokio están analizando conjuntamente las características exactas de los artefactos, según ha asegurado la nueva primera ministra nipona, Sanae Takaichi, en una rueda de prensa.
Diversos analistas habían advertido de que Corea del Norte podría llevar a cabo pruebas de misiles antes o durante la cumbre APEC para subrayar su determinación de obtener reconocimiento como Estado con armas nucleares y presionar a la ONU para que elimine las sanciones económicas que asfixian al país desde hace casi dos décadas.
El movimiento se suma a la reciente demostración de músculo armamentístico durante un desfile militar en Pyongyang en el que se exhibió por primera vez el misil balístico intercontinental Hwasong-20, además de misiles hipersónicos de medio alcance y otras armas de nuevo cuño. Las agencias de inteligencia regionales creen que podría realizarse un ensayo de ese proyectil en los próximos meses.
Desde el estancamiento de las conversaciones con Washington en 2019, Kim ha acelerado el desarrollo de su arsenal nuclear y ha multiplicado las pruebas armamentísticas. Sin embargo, en las últimas semanas ha dejado entrever que estaría dispuesto a retomar el diálogo si Estados Unidos abandona su exigencia de desnuclearización, en línea con las declaraciones conciliadoras de Trump en favor de un nuevo acercamiento. El magnate republicano no ha escondido su interés por recuperar su papel de mediador en la península de Corea y asegura mantener una buena sintonía personal con el líder supremo norcoreano.
En paralelo, crecen los rumores sobre la posibilidad real de ese contacto durante la gira asiática que llevará al mandatario estadounidense a Malasia, Japón y Corea del Sur. Fuentes oficiales citadas por la cadena estadounidense CNN aseguran que en Washington se ha sopesado esa opción, aunque no se han iniciado conversaciones formales al respecto, ymedios surcoreanos no descartan ese escenario. La especulación ha aumentado tras la suspensión temporal de los tours a la aldea desmilitarizada de Panmunjom, un enclave simbólico en la frontera intercoreana y en el que Kim y Trump se reunieron en 2019.
En un análisis del rotativo hongkonés South China Morning Post, varios expertos afirman que una eventual cuarta cumbre Kim-Trump se celebraría en condiciones muy distintas a las anteriores. Kim llega a esta coyuntura con un arsenal nuclear más avanzado, un mayor respaldo de Rusia y de China, y una posición interna más sólida que en los años de su primer contacto con Washington. Varios analistas citados por ese medio señalan que cualquier intento de diálogo por parte de Trump podría implicar concesiones sustanciales, desde la reducción de sanciones hasta garantías de seguridad que reconozca de facto el poder nuclear de Pyongyang.