UK researchers will release a satellite coated in Vantablack paint into space. Photo Credit: Allison Saeng via Unsplash
Along with our incredible astronomical developments comes brand new responsibilities as well. Now, we not only have to think about pollution on Earth, but in space as well – and researchers from the UK are ready to take action to lessen a growing problem in the outermost layers of the atmosphere: light pollution.
Scientists from the UK are planning to launch a satellite covered in the ultra-dark paint known as “vantablack” to reduce its reflection of light into the sky, to reduce light pollution and help us get a better view of the cosmos. Vantablack paint, known as the darkest man-made material on Earth, is a special coating that absorbs 99.965 per cent of all light. It is a pigment that was developed in 2014 by Surrey NanoSystems, an English industrial equipment supplier. The name is a portmanteau of the acronym VANTA – Vertically Aligned Nano Tube Array – and Black, and it was originally created for just this purpose: to be used as a tool in space travel to improve visibility of faraway objects. Namely, telescopes can be coated in it to absorb glare, and thus get a clearer view of whatever is being studied.
The Light Pollution Problem
This plan is part of an initiative to combat a growing problem when it comes to space observations and studies: there are nearly 15,000 satellites orbiting Earth at the moment, but experts predict that in less than 50 years, that number will rise to over 100,000. The rise is due to privately-owned groups of satellites, known as “megaconstellations,” which already account for over 60% of the existing spacecraft in low-earth orbit. Not only this, scientists are only just beginning to understand the problems that come with these spacecraft advancements, such as uncontrolled reentries (which refers to a satellite’s unwanted descent back into Earth’s atmosphere), radio signal interference, and light pollution.
Spacecraft of this kind reflect sunlight back into the atmosphere and make it harder to observe space. Observatories lament that the large communications satellites, such as BlueWalker 3, leave white streaks across time-lapse images taken because of how bright they are. Satellites such as China’s newer “Thousand Sails” machines, which aim to provide global Internet coverage, far exceed the recommended brightness levels recommended by experts. The possible solution? Vantablack.
The Amazing “Void” Black Pigment
Vantablack paint became somewhat of a sensation after pictures were taken of it in action. The paint is so dark that many comment that it looks as if there is simply a black void where the paint or painted object should be. Amusingly, shortly after its development many car companies contacted Surrey NanoSystems about coating a car in Vantablack paint, but all requests were ignored – until BMW came knocking. Ben Jensen, founder and chief technical officer of Surrey NanoSystems, said of the event, “We turned down numerous requests from various automobile manufacturers in the past. It took the BMW X6 and its unique, expressive design for us to entertain the idea.”
It was a unique collaboration indeed. The voidlike paint on the BMW X6 makes it not only the darkest car in the world, but also makes it look almost two-dimensional. Before you get excited, though, the car is not actually driveable and is just for show. Vantablack paint is extremely fragile and wouldn’t withstand the wear and tear of regular road use. Not only this, the car is difficult to see, and most likely would cause numerous accidents on the road, especially in low light conditions. More than likely, the car itself doesn’t comply with road safety regulations of practically any country. Finally, Vantablack paint is extremely expensive and difficult to make, even with our current incredible technological advancements. Looks like petrolheads will have to admire this one from afar…
…Until further notice, that is. As it turns out, modern safety sensor systems, namely those that stop your car when you’re getting too close to the car in front of you, actually can sense the Vantablack BMW X6, even though these systems work by picking up reflected light, of which Vantablack releases less than one per cent. How about that?
As for the satellites, researchers have their fingers crossed that the Vantablack paint job might be enough to reduce this problem, and help us to better see and study the never-ending, unknowable universe beyond.
Israel attacks three Houthi ports and a power plant in Yemen Sunday night, Monday morning, July 7th | Credit: @sabio69 on X
Israeli Defence Forces carried out their first strikes against the Iran-backed Houthis in Yemen since the Tel Aviv-Tehran ceasefire. The Israeli military attacked three Yemeni ports and a power plant around midnight on local time Sunday night and into Monday morning, CNN reported.
The attacks come shortly after the Israeli military issued evacuation orders for civilians in the areas, warning of imminent air strikes, the BBC said.
The Israeli Air Force said these strikes on Yemen’s three ports were in response to “repeated attacks” by the Houthis on Israel and its citizens. It added that the targeted ports were being used to “transfer weapons from the Iranian regime to carry out terror plans” against Israel and its allies.
Israeli Defence Minister Israel Katz confirmed on social media the strikes on the Houthi-controlled sites, including a power station and a ship that was hijacked by the group two years ago.
Houthis will pay ‘a heavy price’
Katz said the strikes were part of “Operation Black Flag” and warned that the Houthis “will continue to pay a heavy price for their actions”.
“The fate of Yemen is the same as the fate of Tehran. Anyone who tries to harm Israel will be harmed, and anyone who raises a hand against Israel will have their hand cut off,” he said in a post on X.
“Houthi forces installed a radar system on the ship and have been using it to track vessels in the international maritime arena to facilitate further terrorist activities,” the IDF said in a statement following the strikes.
Following the strikes, Houthi forces said they “effectively repelled” the Israeli attacks, according to a post from a Houthi spokesperson on X, according to ABC News.
One of the many views of a magnificent medieval, pedestrian-only city in Spain | Credit: Jose Miguel Sanchez/Shutterstock
Legend has it that the Greek mithological hero Teucro founded the medieval city of Pontevedra, Spain, in the early 1100s B.C.. Teucro fought in the Trojan War alongside his half-brother Ayanx.
According to the myth, upon returning home from the war, his father, Talamon, rejected him for not having avenged Ayanx’s death, which led him to end up in Cartagena and Pontevedra, where he died allegedly trying to swim to a nymph or siren called Leucoina. A statue of Teucro still stands in the Plaza de San José in Pontevedra.
The Spanish Federation of Municipalities and Provinces (FEMP) presents a different account of Pontevedra’s history.
The Roman road passage
“Pontevedra’s first inhabited settlements date back to Turoqua, a mansion located on the Roman road XIX, which crossed the Lérez River. The ancient town was born linked to its oldest bridge,” it stated.
“A milestone dating to the year 137 of the Emperor Hadrian was discovered in 1988 at the southern end of the bridge, confirming the passage of the Roman road through the city,” the FEMP added.
The first evidence of the existence of a place called “Ponte Veteri,” a direct allusion to the old Roman bridge, is found in a deed from the Monastery of Lérez, dated 1141.
The fact is, Pontevedra is a must-visit medieval city that, in essence, has it all, from ancient historic buildings to beaches and excellent Galician restaurants.
Presently, Pontevedra has become one of the very few cities worldwide whose city centre is pedestrian-only, a utopic aspiration many have.
A region full of hidden gems
Notable examples of pedestrian-only cities include Venice, the largest car-free historic centre in all of Europe. Other than that, there are ski villages like Zermatt, Switzerland, and islands like Fire Island, New York, and the Isle of Sark in the U.K.’s Channel Islands.
However, lesser-known but equally impressive is the historic Pontevedra, a region in the northwest full of hidden gems, such as this little town on Spain’s rugged coast, offering panoramic views and unforgettable sunsets.
Apart from service vehicles, deliveries, and other specified autos, cars are allowed only on Pontevedra’s outer rings.
The policy is not specifically unfriendly to motorists: In fact, you can leave your car for free, and without time limits, in designated areas. Drivers are encouraged to park and walk into the historic centre to enjoy its medieval squares, cobblestoned streets, and open-air cafés, all blissfully free of traffic.
Ruins of San Domingo in Pontevedra’s City Centre | Credit: AlexeMarcel/Shutterstock
An influx of new residents
It’s no wonder the small city, with a population of 80,000, has seen an influx of new residents — estimated at 12,000 — since becoming a pedestrian-friendly community in the late 1990s.
“It was a sad and stressed city,” said Xosé Cesareo Mosquera, Pontevedra’s head of urban infrastructure, in an interview with CityChangers. “People felt like they had to escape to live on the outskirts.”
The city’s new mayor, Miguel Anxo Fernández Lores, made waves in 1999 by prohibiting on-street parking, lowering speed limits, replacing traffic lights with roundabouts, and pedestrianising large areas of the historic centre.
The city is a historic stop on the Portuguese Way, a section of the famous Camino de Santiago, and its landmarks are easily accessible on foot.
Nestled around picturesque plazas are the 16th-century Basílica de Santa María a Maior, the city’s main church, which features a blend of Gothic and Portuguese architectural elements, and the 14th-century Convento de San Francisco, once home to Franciscan monks.
The Ruínas de San Domingos, the remains of a 14th-century Dominican convent, are now part of the Museo de Pontevedra, a free museum that features archaeological exhibits and masterpieces by Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dalí.
Apart from sightseeing, one of the great pleasures of visiting Pontevedra is just wandering around its quiet streets and squares. The colourful Mercado Municipal marketplace is a great place to pick up fresh fruit, locally produced cheeses, and wines.
The San Juan Poio Monastery, one of Pontevedra’s many hidden gems | Credit: Minube
Thermometers peaking at unusually high temperatures. Credit: Philippe Clement – Shutterstock
Europe is grappling with its first major heatwave of the summer and extreme temperatures have already claimed lives across the continent.
Urgent warnings from health authorities to protect the vulnerable are being issued as the scorching heat, which has seen temperatures go beyond 40°C in parts of Southern Europe, have led to a sudden spike in heat-related sickness, including fatal cases of heatstroke.
In Spain, the heatwave has been particularly dangerous, with a reported seven deaths linked to extreme heat in recent days. France has also been hit hard, with two heat-related deaths recorded and over 300 people requiring emergency care. In Italy, two men over the age of 60 succumbed to heatstroke, and two construction workers in Vicenza were hospitalised, one left in a coma, after falling ill due to the temperatures.
Holidaymakers particularly vulnerable to heatstroke and should be mindful of symtpoms
The Spanish Ministry of Health warns that the first big heatwave of the season is often the most dangerous as many people are yet to acclimatise to the high temperatures, and without proper protective habits, the hot weather can be particularly aggressive. The Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC) say that symptoms of heatstroke, such as headaches, dizziness, dehydration, and exhaustion, are often mistaken for minor ailments, which can delay taking necessary action. Many who visit from the UK and the north of Europe fail to see the symptoms coming. Accustomed to a cooler, more humid climate, on the second or third day of their visit to Spain (at any time of year) they begin to suffer headaches, a symptom of dehydration. Unfamiliar with the need to drink water as frequently as the Spanish, a run to the local Pharmacy for paracetamol is all too common.
Recognise the symptoms of heatstroke
According to the Red Cross, all too common symptoms of heatstroke are often headaches, fatigue, confusion, nausea, dizziness, muscle cramps, intense thirst, dry mouth, a fever, excessive sweating, dry skin, convulsions, and even severe neurological symptoms like delirium.
Doctors insist on immediate action if these symptoms appear: move to a shaded, airy area, cool the body with wet cloths or lukewarm water, and sip water frequently. For severe cases, such as loss of consciousness, medical help must be sought immediately.
Protect yourself from danger of heatstroke
Preventive measures are crucial. Staying hydrated, avoiding sun exposure, especially between noon and 6pm, wearing light clothing, and taking breaks in cool places can reduce the risk. Certain medications, such as antidepressants or blood pressure tablets, may increase susceptibility to heat and require extra caution. Beer and other alcoholic drinks might sate your thirst, but they will do little to hydrate the body, and may even compound dehydration.
The Red Cross provides clear guidelines for responding to heatstroke: move the affected person to a cool, shaded area, loosen or remove clothing, apply cold compresses, and offer small sips of water if they are conscious. Importantly, fever-reducing medications like paracetamol should be avoided, as they can worsen the condition.
As Europe braces for more intense and frequent heatwaves and medical experts are calling for stronger adaptation measures to protect vulnerable groups, including the elderly, children, pregnant women, outdoor workers, and those with chronic illnesses. The recent deaths serve as a stark reminder of the urgent need for public awareness and preparedness to mitigate the deadly impact of extreme heat.