President Emmanuel Macron, who signed France’s assisted dying law this week. Credit: Gints Ivuskans / Shutterstock
Emmanuel Macron has signed assisted dying into law after four years of fierce debate, but the right exists only on paper for now. Patients will not be able to request it until the government finalises the practical rules early next year.
Macron signs the law after four years of debate
President Emmanuel Macron signed France’s assisted dying law on Wednesday August 19, formally publishing it in the Journal Officiel, France’s official gazette, and closing a process that began in 2023. The National Assembly adopted the final text on Wednesday July 15, and France’s Constitutional Council validated the law on Friday August 14 after Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu, Senate President Gérard Larcher and around 60 senators tried to have parts of it struck down.
The Élysée Palace called the law “an essential safeguard for our fellow citizens” and said it completed “an exemplary democratic debate”. It has been described as one of France’s biggest social reforms since same-sex marriage was legalised in 2012.
Who qualifies for assisted dying in France
The law grants a right to aide à mourir, or aid in dying, to adults who are French nationals or settled legal residents. Applicants must have a serious and incurable illness in its terminal or advanced phase, causing physical suffering that cannot be relieved, and must keep full mental capacity to make a free and conscious choice until the final moment. Psychological suffering alone cannot qualify someone for the procedure under the law.
A single doctor leads the assessment alongside other health professionals and must give a reasoned answer within 15 days of a written request. Patients then face a minimum two-day reflection period before confirming their decision, and may withdraw consent at any point. Patients are expected to administer the lethal substance themselves, except where a physical disability prevents this. Healthcare workers, pharmacists and private or Catholic-run clinics can still refuse to take part on grounds of conscience, provided the clinic is not the only facility available locally.
Why nobody can actually access it before 2027
Despite the promulgation, no patient can request the procedure yet. The Health Ministry must still write the decrees that set out the practical mechanics, including which substances can be used, and the government has committed to publishing them within six months of the law being signed.
France’s Haute Autorité de Santé, the national health authority, is due to give its own opinion on prescriptions and complications by November, before any decree can be finalised. Officials are targeting early 2027 for the law to become usable in practice.
Spain has already granted the same request more than a thousand times
The debate is not new for readers in Spain, where a similar law, the Ley Orgánica de Regulación de la Eutanasia (Spain’s organic law regulating euthanasia), has applied since June 25 2021, open to Spanish nationals and anyone with legal residency, including British nationals settled here. Read EWN’s essential guide to assisted suicide in Spain for the full picture.
Spain’s Health Ministry recorded 2,432 requests between the law’s introduction and the end of 2024, of which 1,123, or 46 per cent, ended in an assisted death. In 2024 alone, 426 people used the law, and more than 550 did so in 2025, according to ministry figures reported in June.
The right that collapsed in the House of Lords
Britain came close to a similar law of its own. The Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill passed the House of Commons in June 2025 in a historic vote but stalled in the House of Lords, where opponents tabled more than 1,200 amendments.
Because backbench bills can only be debated on Fridays, the delay ran out the parliamentary clock, and the bill fell on Friday April 24 2026. Labour peer Lord Falconer called it “an absolute travesty of our processes”, and Kim Leadbeater, the MP who introduced the original bill, said supporters would try again in the next parliamentary session.
For now, British nationals wanting an assisted death have a legal route in Spain, will have one in France from next year, and still have none at home.