Connect with us

Caracas

Juan Miguel Matheus, Venezuelan Opposition Negotiator: ‘The Terms Have Been Defined By The US State Department’

Published

on

juan-miguel-matheus,-venezuelan-opposition-negotiator:-‘the-terms-have-been-defined-by-the-us-state-department’

Juan Miguel Matheus acknowledges United States involvement in the process that Chavismo and part of the opposition began on January 12, and which this month opens its third round of meetings. Far from being bothered by it, Washington’s involvement seems necessary to him: in his view, it has made essential compromises feasible for the institutional transformation needed to restore democracy in Venezuela. Matheus is confident that in the upcoming sessions, which will run through December, work will begin on a new electoral system and on restoring political and constitutional rights.

Matheus, a lawmaker elected to the National Assembly in 2015, is one of seven opposition figures chosen by Washington to sit opposite the government’s representative, Jorge Rodríguez. Trained in the principles of Christian democracy, he graduated from Monteávila University in Caracas, where he completed a master’s degree in Constitutional and Parliamentary Law, and earned a doctorate in law from the University of Navarra in Spain. He is considered one of the authors of his party Primero Justicia (Justice First)’s doctrinal thesis.

For him, January 3 — the date of the attack and the capture of Nicolás Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores, carried out by U.S. military personnel — changed everything.

Question. What role does the United States play in these negotiations?

Answer. January 3 awakened a U.S. interest in Venezuela that altered domestic politics and definitively reconfigured the relationship between the two countries. The oil agreement makes Venezuela a matter of the highest interest for Washington in this geopolitical context, as state policy and with bipartisan support. That is the fundamental difference between this negotiation process and previous ones.

Q. Chavismo says it is negotiating with the United States, not with the opposition.

A. The facilitator of this process is the United States, an actor that is objectively credible to both sides. The terms and coordinates of this negotiation have been defined by the State Department and, specifically, by Secretary of State Marco Rubio. But the work is being carried out between the two local actors. A very concrete sign that the negotiating table has its own dynamics: in the first cycle, on justice issues, we walked in proposing a renewal of the Electoral Chamber and left with agreements to renew all chambers of the Supreme Court of Justice, the General Inspectorate of Courts and the School of the Judiciary.

Q. The agreements from the second round, at the end of September, disappointed some: critics said they announced measures that were already underway.

A. Any public dissatisfaction with this process is justified: there are many years of autocratic suffering and failed negotiations behind us. But this is the first time we have obtained concrete results in the first work cycle, and also in the second. One of the agreements is the transformation of the justice system through three measures: the formation of the Preliminary Commission of the Judicial Nominations Committee to select a new Supreme Court of Justice, the timetable to appoint the magistrates, and the appointment of members of the Credentials Verification Council for candidates. These are fairly concrete agreements.

Q. Why did Delcy Rodríguez make her own announcement about measures being discussed at the table, such as reform of the Law Against Hate or the unblocking of 200 news sites?

A. I believe there is an intention not to attribute democratizing results to what is debated at this table and to present them instead as unilateral measures of the provisional government. But the Venezuelan people have the civic maturity to know that two plus two equals four: the unblocking of news sites or the reform of the Law Against Hate are the result of the work of this negotiating table. They are demands that the representatives of the National Assembly elected in 2015 had been making even before it was convened.

Q. Why were political rights and disqualifications not addressed as expected?

A. The agenda for the talks was set on August 1 and included three major areas: assistance to earthquake victims; strengthening democracy, with a transformation of the justice system and the electoral system; and political guarantees, which cover human rights and political rights. In the coming sessions we will go in depth into the debate on political rights.

Q. What do you hope to achieve between now and December?

A. We have taken giant steps in transforming the justice system. Having a constitutional timetable to appoint the new magistrates, which is about to be published, is an important achievement. It will now be essential to begin discussing the transformation of the electoral system and, of course, what is at the heart of these negotiations: the establishment of the political guarantees table, which will create the climate to cleanly renew the country’s public authorities.

Q. Jorge Rodríguez said the date of the elections will be set “in accordance with what the Constitution stipulates.” What do you think?

A.If we stick to the Constitution, we would have to count 180 days from January 3 to declare Maduro’s permanent absence from office, plus a possible extension of another 180 days, to call presidential elections. People should judge this negotiating table by the agreements signed rather than by statements from the representatives of each delegation.

Q. Do you see possible elections in 2027?

A. As soon as they are possible, as the Secretary of State himself, Marco Rubio, has said.

Q. By buying time, Chavismo could take the country back to square one: elections in 2030, as previously planned.

A.We are not lowering our guard. We are exercising the necessary caution: we know the precedents of the side with which we negotiate. Personally, I do not see an electoral scenario on that date. Our goal is not only to achieve presidential elections, but to inaugurate a democratic system that will endure, as a result of the renewal of public authorities that emerges from these sessions.

Q. Do you really believe the Bolivarian revolution will capitulate at a negotiating table?

A.Venezuelan political dynamics changed forever after January 3, and that led to the creation of this negotiating table. No one can evade the magnitude of that event. Moreover, the table has its own dynamics. There has been civic cordiality in the working sessions, with U.S. accompaniment and the natural tensions and disagreements that occur in these situations, but also with sufficient stature to interpret the democratizing interests of the Venezuelan people.

Sign up for our weekly newsletter to get more English-language news coverage from EL PAÍS USA Edition

Continue Reading
Click to comment

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published.

Caracas

María Corina Machado’s Party Stakes Its Strategy On The Uncertain Return Of Its Leader

Published

on

maria-corina-machado’s-party-stakes-its-strategy-on-the-uncertain-return-of-its-leader

Vente Venezuela, the party founded by María Corina Machado, is preparing again for the imminent return of its leader despite delays, skepticism, and uncertainty. Decisions within the organization are being made on the assumption of her return. Machado was unable to enter the country from Panama last week (the reasons are still unclear), but her definitive arrival in Venezuela, says Henry Alviarez, the party’s secretary of organization, “is a matter of days.”

Machado’s party is waiting on a plane, a boat, or a car to cross the border. The country’s main opposition party has organized its rebuilding, its mobilizations, and its messaging around the return of its leader, announced repeatedly as imminent and frustrated for the seventh time last week in Panama. There is great caution about the details and methods of her return, given what happened last week.

After the fierce repressive onslaught unleashed by Nicolás Maduro’s government between 2024 and 2025, which inflicted serious internal damage on the party’s structure and sent 200 of its activists to prison, Vente’s reconstitution is a work in progress: 10 of the regional coordinators who were in exile have already returned to their duties. Dozens more municipal activists have also come back. Two key leaders from the national leadership returned very recently. After Omar González, the return of Claudia Macero — the party’s head of communications and a close confidante of Machado — on September 27 has sparked enthusiasm among activists.

Omar González, one of Vente’s five national leaders who was granted asylum at the Argentine embassy in Caracas and returned to the country a month ago, confirms this: “The party’s entire national leadership is currently touring the country. Our first step has been to strengthen the Citizen Councils, which are our grassroots units. From the bottom up, we are preparing for María Corina’s return.”

The party senses social discontent and wants to speed things up. The slow pace the United States has set for giving a timeline to the proposed transition in Venezuela has made them impatient. The party says the country’s social crisis can no longer bear delays. Vente is working to rebuild popular protest and demand elections. An electoral date remains far from a zone of consensus. Last Friday, Jorge Rodríguez, head of the chavista negotiating team, declined to discuss electoral timetables in an informal meeting with the press, limiting himself to saying that there will be three elections before the presidency: parliamentary, municipal, and gubernatorial. A presidential contest, he said, will take place “within the timeframe established by the Constitution.” Moreover, the results achieved in terms of mobilizing support remain relatively modest: many citizens are still haunted by fears of the repression that took place in 2024 and 2025.

Vente Venezuela’s political agenda and reading of the country’s current situation now clashes markedly with the timetable imposed by the United States to implement its three-phase plan (stabilization, reconstruction, transition) for Venezuela.

Under the premise that Venezuela “is not ready” to organize institutional re-legitimization elections at this time, as President Donald Trump himself asserted, Washington has in recent months prioritized supporting governance, stability, and creating a climate for investment and business. At the same time, it has brought chavista and opposition political actors to the negotiating table to agree on an institutional arrangement that would open the door to democracy. An arrangement that excludes María Corina Machado.

But the public’s growing awareness of the mounting shortcomings they face every day is taking on concrete forms. Protests in Venezuela are not massive, but they are on the rise. The Venezuelan Observatory on Social Conflict recorded 4,656 protests in the country — almost all of them peaceful — in the first eight months of 2026, a figure that triples the numbers for all of 2025. Of these, according to the Observatory, 2,092 (45% of the total) were primarily motivated by demands for the exercise of civil and political rights. Interim president Delcy Rodríguez’s approval rating, meanwhile, fell to 24% in August 2026, according to the Latam Pulse poll, conducted by the Atlasintel-Bloomberg consortium.

“This is a party born out of the experience of civic work,” says Macero, who was greeted by a party rally at Maiquetía airport (an unthinkable scene a few months ago) when she returned from exile. “Our agenda now is very broad: from small, constant meetings in every parish and municipality across the country, to larger assemblies to speak with and listen to middle-ranking cadres, to demonstrations of mobilization capacity like the National Ride we organized,” Macero adds. “Venezuela lost its fear after January 3 [when U.S. forces captured Maduro]. This country is already mobilized. There is nothing more democratic than protesting. Here the most important things are shortages and the priorities of Venezuelans.”

Expansion process

On September 27, Vente was able to organize its first simultaneous territorial activity in a long time: the Great National Ride, in which thousands of people gathered with bicycles and motorcycles at sites across the country to demand an electoral timetable. The outcome of that effort, replicated simultaneously in 12 of the country’s 24 states, left the organization energized.

“Vente is growing, but above all because it is María Corina’s party,” says Jesús Armas, a rising national leader who spent two years in prison. “We have launched a massive registration process for activists and volunteers. What we want to be is an institution, the country’s great liberal party. An organization that transcends María Corina’s leadership. We can already say we have leaders planted in every parish, every municipality, and every state of Venezuela. But the population still places somewhat blind faith in what she alone can do.”

“We’re working hard to train local leaders,” says Alviarez. “It’s a complex task that requires patience. There are people who have the motivation and the ability to inspire others, but then struggle to communicate effectively with others, for example. We place a lot of emphasis on training our activists.” Alviarez considers it premature to discuss electoral alliances: he states that the party is pursuing a change in the system. “We’re preparing for María Corina’s return, but also for the upcoming presidential elections and for governing this country. Twelve of our 24 national coordinators are under 35 years old.” Vente Venezuela is currently one of the parties that has not been able to register its existence with the National Electoral Council.

“I’ve been seeing a lot of outrage among people in recent weeks,” Armas says. “In the interior of the country, beyond Caracas, the situation is intolerable — it’s just too harsh. Power outages last six hours or more. In addition, there is frustration over the slow pace of political developments since January 3. It seems to me that people are pinning their hopes on María Corina’s arrival and tend to think that’s what’s needed for things to change. The important thing here, however, is that we need her presence to truly begin mobilizing the population.”

In recent weeks, Vente has organized popular tours in impoverished, densely populated areas of Caracas such as Petare and Propatria. Vente activists have gathered outside National Electoral Council offices in Maracaibo and Valencia to demand elections. There have also been demonstrations in Apure, Falcón, La Guaira and Barinas. There is a clear objective: that social demands and the economic improvements people seek are never separated from demands for the restoration of democracy.

Otherwise, although more spaced out and isolated than before, the chavista regime’s political police continue to closely — and silently — monitor any boastful statement, inconvenient procedure, or irregular circumstance occurring in everyday local politics. On September 17, Javier Oropeza, former mayor of Torres municipality and a Vente Venezuela activist, was intercepted by police officials and detained for 10 hours after giving an interview to a local news outlet. Oropeza had just returned from exile, and the day before he had appeared in court where a terrorism case opened against him two years earlier was dismissed.

Sign up for our weekly newsletter to get more English-language news coverage from EL PAÍS USA Edition

Continue Reading

Trending

Copyright © 2017 Spanish Property & News